section name header
Information
Outline
Section 3. Common Patient Presentations
28. Fever, Hyperthermia, and Rash
Fever
Fever of Unknown Origin
Hyperthermia
29. Generalized Fatigue
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
30. Weight Loss
Etiology
Clinical Features
31. Chest Pain
Potentially Serious Causes
Myocardial Ischemia: Angina Pectoris
Acute Myocardial Infarction
Pulmonary Embolism
Aortic Dissection
Mediastinal Emphysema
Acute Pericarditis
Pleurisy
Less Serious Causes
Costochondral Pain
Chest Wall Pain
Esophageal Pain
Emotional Disorders
Other Causes
32. Palpitations
33. Dyspnea
Definition
Causes
Respiratory System Dyspnea
Cardiovascular System Dyspnea
Dyspnea with Normal Respiratory and Cardiovascular Systems
Pulmonary Edema
34. Cyanosis
Central Cyanosis
Peripheral Cyanosis
35. Cough and Hemoptysis
Cough
Etiology
Clinical Assessment
Hemoptysis
Etiology
Clinical Assessment
36. Edema
Definition
Localized Edema
Generalized Edema
37. Abdominal Pain
Characteristic Features of Abdominal Pain
Acute, Catastrophic Abdominal Pain
Brief History and Physical Examination
Diagnostic Strategies
38. Nausea, Vomiting, and Indigestion
Nausea and Vomiting
Pathophysiology
Etiology
Evaluation
Complications
Indigestion
Pathophysiology
Natural History
Evaluation
39. Dysphagia
Dysphagia
Pathophysiology
Oropharyngeal Dysphagia
Esophageal Dysphagia
Noncardiac Chest Pain
Evaluation
Esophageal Motility Disorders
Achalasia
Evaluation
Spastic Disorders
Evaluation
Scleroderma
Esophageal Inflammation
Viral Esophagitis
Candida Esophagitis
Pill-Related Esophagitis
Eosinophilic Esophagitis
Other Causes of Esophagitis in AIDS
40. Diarrhea, Malabsorption, and Constipation
Normal Gastrointestinal Function
Absorption of Fluid and Electrolytes
Nutrient Absorption
Intestinal Motility
Diarrhea
Physiology
Osmotic Diarrhea
Secretory Diarrhea
Exudative Diarrhea
Altered Intestinal Motility
Decreased Absorptive Surface
Evaluation History
Physical Examination
Stool Examination
Laboratory Studies
Other Studies
Malabsorption Syndromes
Constipation
Specific Causes
41. Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Presentation
Hemodynamic Changes
Shock
Laboratory Changes
Adverse Prognostic Signs
Upper GI Bleeding
Causes
Common
Less Common
Evaluation
Lower GI Bleeding
Causes
Evaluation
Bleeding of Obscure Origin
42. Jaundice and Evaluation of Liver Function
Jaundice
Definition
Bilirubin Metabolism
Etiology
Evaluation
Gilbert Syndrome
Blood Tests of Liver Function
Bilirubin
Aminotransferases (Transaminases)
Alkaline Phosphatase
5'-Nucleotidase (5'-NT)
-Glutamyl Transpeptidase (GGT)
Coagulation Factors
Albumin
Globulin
Ammonia
Hepatobiliary Imaging Procedures
Ultrasonography (US)
CT
MRI
Radionuclide Scanning
Cholangiography
Angiography
Percutaneous Liver Biopsy
43. Ascites
Definition
Detection
Physical Examination
Ultrasonography/CT
Evaluation
Differential Diagnosis
Pathophysiologic Classification Using Serum-Ascites Albumin Gradient (SAAG)
Cirrhotic Ascites
Pathogenesis
Complications
Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis
Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS)
44. Lymphadenopathy and Splenomegaly
Lymphadenopathy
Splenomegaly
45. Anemia and Polycythemia
Anemia
Polycythemia (Erythrocytosis)
Causes
Complications
46. Azotemia and Urinary Abnormalities
Abnormalities of Renal Function, Azotemia
Abnormalities of Urine Volume
Oliguria
Polyuria
Abnormalities of Urine Composition
Proteinuria
Hematuria
Pyuria
47. Pain and Swelling of Joints
Initial Assessment of A Musculoskeletal Complaint
Historic Features
Physical Examination
Laboratory Investigations
Diagnostic Imaging
Special Considerations in the Elderly Patient
48. Back and Neck Pain
Low Back Pain
Types of Low Back Pain
Examination
Laboratory Evaluation
Etiology
Lumbar Disk Disease
Spinal Stenosis
Trauma
Spondylolisthesis
Osteoarthritis (Spondylosis)
Vertebral Metastases
Vertebral Osteomyelitis
Lumbar Adhesive Arachnoiditis
Immune Disorders
Osteoporosis
Visceral Diseases
Other
Neck and Shoulder Pain
Etiology
Trauma to the Cervical Spine
Cervical Disk Disease
Cervical Spondylosis
Other Causes of Neck Pain
Thoracic Outlet
Brachial Plexus and Nerves
Shoulder
49. Headache
Migraine
Tension-Type Headache
Cluster Headache
Post-Concussion Headache
Lumbar Puncture Headache
Indomethacin-Responsive Headaches
Facial Pain
50. Syncope
Etiology
Neurocardiogenic (Vasovagal and Vasodepressor) Syncope
Postural (Orthostatic) Hypotension
Differential Diagnosis
Seizures
Hypoglycemia
Cataplexy
Psychiatric Disorders
51. Dizziness and Vertigo
Faintness
Vertigo
Peripheral Vertigo
Central Vertigo
52. Acute Visual Loss and Double Vision
Transient or Sudden Visual Loss
Double Vision (DIPLOPIA)
53. Weakness and Paralysis
54. Tremor and Movement Disorders
Bradykinesia
Tremor
Essential Tremor (ET)
Dystonia
Choreoathetosis
Huntington's Disease (HD)
TICS
Myoclonus
Asterixis
55. Aphasia
Clinical Features
Wernicke's Aphasia
Broca's Aphasia
Global Aphasia
Conduction Aphasia
Laboratory Evaluation
56. Sleep Disorders
Insomnia
Psychophysiologic Insomnia
Drugs and Medications
Movement Disorders
Other Neurologic Disorders
Psychiatric Disorders
Medical Disorders
Disorders of Excessive Daytime Sleepiness
Sleep Apnea Syndromes
Narcolepsy
Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders
57. Dysuria and Bladder Pain
Dysuria
Epidemiology
Clinical Manifestations
Diagnosis
Treatment
Bladder Pain