Neonatal Infections

section name header

Information ⬇

Early-onset infection occurs within the first week of life (median age, 20 h). The infection is acquired within the maternal genital tract during birth.
- - Neonates typically have respiratory distress, lethargy, and hypotension.
- - Bacteremia is noted in ~100% of cases, pneumonia in one-third to one-half, and meningitis in one-third.
Late-onset infection develops in infants >1 week old and generally ≤3 months of age (mean age, 3-4 weeks). The organism is acquired during delivery or during later contact with a source.
- - Meningitis is the most common manifestation.
- - Infants present with lethargy, fever, irritability, poor feeding, and occasionally seizures.

Treatment: GBS Infections in Neonates

Penicillin is the agent of choice for all GBS infections.
- - Empirical therapy for suspected bacterial sepsis consists of ampicillin and gentamicin while cultures are pending.
- - Many physicians continue to give gentamicin until the pt improves clinically.

Prevention: Identification of high-risk mothers and prophylactic administration of ampicillin or penicillin during delivery reduce the risk of neonatal infection.
Maternal screening for anogenital colonization with GBS at 35-37 weeks of pregnancy is currently recommended.
Women who have previously given birth to an infant with GBS disease, who have a history of GBS bacteriuria during pregnancy, or who have an unknown culture status but risk factors noted above should receive intrapartum prophylaxis (usually 5 mU of penicillin G followed by 2.5 mU q4h until delivery).
- - Cefazolin can be used for pts with a penicillin allergy who are at low risk for anaphylaxis.
- - If the mother is at risk for anaphylaxis and the GBS isolate is known to be susceptible, clindamycin can be used; otherwise, vancomycin is indicated.

Outline ⬆

Section 7. Infectious Diseases

78. Infections Acquired in Health Care Facilities

79. Infections in the Immunocompromised Host

Infections in Cancer PTS

System-Specific Syndromes

Infections in Transplant Recipients

Immunizations in Immunosuppressed PTS

80. Infective Endocarditis

81. Intraabdominal Infections

Peritonitis

Intraabdominal Abscesses

82. Infectious Diarrheas

Noninflammatory Diarrhea

Inflammatory Diarrhea

83. Sexually Transmitted and Reproductive Tract Infections

Individual Pathogens

84. Infections of the Skin, Soft Tissues, Joints, and Bones

Skin and Soft Tissue Infections

85. Pneumococcal Infections

86. Staphylococcal Infections

Infections Caused by Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci

87. Streptococcal/Enterococcal Infections, Diphtheria, and Infections Caused by Other Corynebacteria and Related Species

88. Meningococcal and Listerial Infections

89. Infections Caused by Haemophilus, Bordetella, Moraxella, and HACEK Group Organisms

90. Diseases Caused by Gram-Negative Enteric Bacteria and Pseudomonas

91. Infections Caused by Miscellaneous Gram-Negative Bacilli

Cat-Scratch Disease (CSD)

92. Anaerobic Infections

93. Nocardiosis, Actinomycosis, and Whipple's Disease

Whipple's Disease

94. Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Infections

95. Lyme Disease and Other Nonsyphilitic Spirochetal Infections

96. Rickettsial Diseases

97. Mycoplasma Pneumoniae, Legionella Species, and Chlamydia Pneumoniae

Introduction

Mycoplasma Pneumoniae

Legionella Species

Chlamydia Pneumoniae

98. Chlamydia Trachomatis and C. Psittaci

Introduction

Microbiology

C. Trachomatis Infections

C. Psittaci Infections

99. Herpesvirus Infections

100. Cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr Virus Infections

Cytomegalovirus

Diagnosis

Epstein-Barr Virus

101. Influenza and Other Viral Respiratory Diseases

102. Rubeola, Rubella, Mumps, and Parvovirus Infections

103. Enteroviral Infections

104. Insect- and Animal-Borne Viral Infections

Rabies

Infections Caused by Arthropod- and Rodent-Borne Viruses

Ebola and Marburg Virus Infections

105. HIV Infection and AIDS

106. Fungal Infections

107. Pneumocystis Infections

108. Protozoal Infections

Chagas Disease

Sleeping Sickness

Toxoplasmosis

109. Helminthic Infections and Ectoparasite Infestations

Helminths

Nematodes

Ectoparasites