The main nonenterococcal group D streptococci that cause human infections are S. gallolyticus and S. infantarius (previously classified together as S. bovis), each of which has two subspecies.

• These organisms have been associated with GI malignancies and other bowel lesions, which are found in ≥60% of pts presenting with group D streptococcal endocarditis.
• Unlike enterococcal endocarditis, group D streptococcal endocarditis can be adequately treated with penicillin alone.