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Chap. 83. Sexually Transmitted and Reproductive Tract Infections
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Outline
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Section 7. Infectious Diseases
78. Infections Acquired in Health Care Facilities
Prevention of Hospital-Acquired Infections
Nosocomial and Device-Related Infections
Epidemic and Emerging Problems
79. Infections in the Immunocompromised Host
Infections in Cancer PTS
System-Specific Syndromes
Infections in Transplant Recipients
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT)
Solid Organ Transplantation
Immunizations in Immunosuppressed PTS
80. Infective Endocarditis
Antimicrobial Therapy
Organism-Specific Therapies
Surgical Treatment
81. Intraabdominal Infections
Peritonitis
Primary (Spontaneous) Bacterial Peritonitis
Secondary Peritonitis
Peritonitis in PTS Undergoing CAPD
Intraabdominal Abscesses
Intraperitoneal Abscesses
Visceral Abscesses
Liver Abscess
Splenic Abscess
Perinephric and Renal Abscesses
82. Infectious Diarrheas
Noninflammatory Diarrhea
Bacterial Food Poisoning
Cholera
Microbiology
Epidemiology
Clinical Manifestations
Diagnosis
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus and Non-O1 V. Cholerae
Noroviruses and Related Human Caliciviruses
Microbiology and Epidemiology
Clinical Manifestations
Diagnosis
Rotaviruses
Microbiology and Epidemiology
Clinical Manifestations
Diagnosis
Prevention
Giardiasis
Microbiology and Epidemiology
Clinical Manifestations
Diagnosis
Cryptosporidiosis
Microbiology and Epidemiology
Clinical Manifestations
Diagnosis
Cystoisosporiasis
Cyclosporiasis
Inflammatory Diarrhea
Salmonellosis
Microbiology and Pathogenesis
Epidemiology and Clinical Manifestations
Diagnosis
Campylobacteriosis
Microbiology
Epidemiology
Clinical Manifestations
Diagnosis
Shigellosis and Infection with Shiga Toxin-Producing/Enterohemorrhagic/Shiga Toxin-Producing Enteroaggregative E. Coli (STEC/EHEC/Steaec)
Microbiology and Epidemiology
Clinical Manifestations
Diagnosis
Yersiniosis
Microbiology and Clinical Manifestations
Diagnosis
Amebiasis
Microbiology and Epidemiology
Clinical Manifestations
Diagnosis
Clostridium Difficile Infection (CDI)
Microbiology and Epidemiology
Clinical Manifestations
Diagnosis
83. Sexually Transmitted and Reproductive Tract Infections
General Principles
Specific Syndromes
Urethritis in MEN
Microbiology and Epidemiology
Clinical Manifestations
Diagnosis
Epididymitis
Microbiology
Clinical Manifestations
Urethritis (the Urethral Syndrome) in Women
Microbiology and Clinical Manifestations
Diagnosis
Vulvovaginal Infections
Microbiology
Clinical Manifestations
Diagnosis
Mucopurulent Cervicitis
Microbiology
Clinical Manifestations
Diagnosis
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
Microbiology
Epidemiology
Clinical Manifestations
Diagnosis
Prognosis
Ulcerative Genital Lesions
Proctitis, Proctocolitis, Enterocolitis, and Enteritis
Microbiology and Epidemiology
Clinical Manifestations
Diagnosis
Individual Pathogens
Gonorrhea
Microbiology
Epidemiology
Clinical Manifestations
Diagnosis
Infections with Chlamydia Trachomatis
Microbiology
Epidemiology
Clinical Manifestations
Diagnosis
Infections Due to Mycoplasmas
Microbiology and Epidemiology
Clinical Manifestations
Diagnosis
Syphilis
Microbiology and Epidemiology
Pathogenesis
Clinical Manifestations
Diagnosis
Herpes Simplex Virus Infections
Microbiology and Epidemiology
Clinical Manifestations
Diagnosis
Chancroid (Haemophilus Ducreyi Infection)
Donovanosis (Klebsiella Granulomatis Infection)
Microbiology and Epidemiology
Clinical Manifestations
Diagnosis and Treatment
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infections
Microbiology
Epidemiology and Clinical Manifestations
Diagnosis
Prevention
84. Infections of the Skin, Soft Tissues, Joints, and Bones
Skin and Soft Tissue Infections
Cellulitis
Necrotizing Fasciitis
Myositis/Myonecrosis
Infectious Arthritis
Osteomyelitis
85. Pneumococcal Infections
Microbiology
Epidemiology
Pathogenesis
Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis
Pneumonia
Meningitis
Other Invasive Syndromes
Noninvasive Syndromes
Pneumonia
Meningitis
Prevention
86. Staphylococcal Infections
Microbiology
S. Aureus Infections
Epidemiology
Pathogenesis
Diagnosis
Clinical Syndromes
Prevention
Infections Caused by Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci
Microbiology
Pathogenesis
Clinical Syndromes
Diagnosis
87. Streptococcal/Enterococcal Infections, Diphtheria, and Infections Caused by Other Corynebacteria and Related Species
Streptococcal and Enterococcal Infections
Microbiology
Group A Streptococcus (GAS)
Epidemiology and Pathogenesis
Clinical Manifestations
Prevention
Streptococci of Groups C and [eGFR]
Group B Streptococcus (GBS)
Neonatal Infections
Infections in Adults
Nonenterococcal Group D Streptococci
Viridans Streptococci
Abiotrophia and Granulicatella Species (Nutritionally Variant Streptococci)
Enterococci
Microbiology
Epidemiology
Clinical Manifestations
Corynebacterial and Related Infections
Diphtheria
Microbiology
Epidemiology and Pathogenesis
Clinical Manifestations
Diagnosis
Prognosis
Prevention
Other Corynebacteria and Related Organisms
88. Meningococcal and Listerial Infections
Meningococcal Infections
Listerial Infections
89. Infections Caused by Haemophilus, Bordetella, Moraxella, and HACEK Group Organisms
Haemophilus Influenzae
Microbiology
Epidemiology
Pathogenesis
Clinical Manifestations
Diagnosis
Prevention
Pertussis
Microbiology and Pathogenesis
Epidemiology
Clinical Manifestations
Diagnosis
Prevention
Moraxella Catarrhalis
Microbiology and Epidemiology
Clinical Manifestations
Diagnosis
The HACEK Group
Microbiology
Clinical Manifestations
90. Diseases Caused by Gram-Negative Enteric Bacteria and Pseudomonas
Gram-Negative Enteric Bacteria
General Considerations
Extraintestinal Pathogenic E. Coli (Expec)
Clinical Manifestations
Diagnosis
Intestinal Pathogenic E. Coli
Microbiology and Clinical Manifestations
Diagnosis
Klebsiella
Epidemiology
Clinical Manifestations
Diagnosis
Proteus
Epidemiology
Clinical Manifestations
Diagnosis
Other Gram-Negative Enteric Pathogens
Clinical Manifestations
Aeromonas
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa and Related Organisms
P. Aeruginosa
Microbiology
Epidemiology
Clinical Manifestations
Bacteria Related to Pseudomonas Species
Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia
Burkholderia Cepacia
Miscellaneous Organisms
91. Infections Caused by Miscellaneous Gram-Negative Bacilli
Brucellosis
Tularemia
Plague
Bartonella Infections
Cat-Scratch Disease (CSD)
Microbiology and Epidemiology
Clinical Manifestations
Diagnosis
Bacillary Angiomatosis and Peliosis
Trench Fever
Bartonella Endocarditis
Carrión's Disease (Oroya Fever and Verruga Peruana)
92. Anaerobic Infections
Definitions
Tetanus
Botulism
Other Clostridial Infections
Mixed Anaerobic Infections
93. Nocardiosis, Actinomycosis, and Whipple's Disease
Nocardiosis
Actinomycosis
Whipple's Disease
Microbiology and Epidemiology
Clinical Manifestations
Diagnosis
94. Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Infections
Tuberculosis
Microbiology
Epidemiology
Pathogenesis
Clinical Manifestations
Pulmonary TB
Extrapulmonary TB
HIV-Associated TB
Diagnosis
Prevention
Leprosy
Microbiology and Epidemiology
Clinical Manifestations
Tuberculoid (TT) Leprosy
Lepromatous (LL) Leprosy
Complications
Diagnosis
Infections with Nontuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM)
Microbiology
Epidemiology
Clinical Manifestations
Diagnosis
95. Lyme Disease and Other Nonsyphilitic Spirochetal Infections
Lyme Borreliosis
Endemic Treponematoses
Leptospirosis
Relapsing Fever
96. Rickettsial Diseases
Tick- and Mite-Borne Spotted Fevers
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF)
Epidemiology
Pathogenesis
Clinical Manifestations
Prognosis
Diagnosis
Other Tick-Borne Spotted Fevers
Rickettsialpox
Epidemiology
Clinical Manifestations
Flea- and Louse-Borne Typhus Group Rickettsioses
Endemic Murine Typhus (Flea-Borne)
Etiology and Epidemiology
Clinical Manifestations
Diagnosis
Epidemic Typhus (Louse-Borne)
Etiology and Epidemiology
Clinical Manifestations
Diagnosis
Scrub Typhus
Ehrlichioses and Anaplasmosis
Human Monocytotropic Ehrlichiosis (HME)
Etiology and Epidemiology
Clinical Manifestations
Diagnosis
Human Granulocytotropic Anaplasmosis (HGA)
Etiology and Epidemiology
Clinical Manifestations
Diagnosis
Prevention
Q Fever
97. Mycoplasma Pneumoniae, Legionella Species, and Chlamydia Pneumoniae
Introduction
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae
Epidemiology
Clinical Manifestations
Diagnosis
Legionella Species
Microbiology
Epidemiology
Clinical Manifestations
Diagnosis
Prognosis
Chlamydia Pneumoniae
Epidemiology
Clinical Manifestations
Diagnosis
98. Chlamydia Trachomatis and C. Psittaci
Introduction
Microbiology
C. Trachomatis Infections
Genital Infections, Including Lymphogranuloma Venereum
Trachoma and Adult Inclusion Conjunctivitis (AIC)
Etiology
Epidemiology
Clinical Manifestations
Diagnosis
C. Psittaci Infections
99. Herpesvirus Infections
Herpes Simplex Viruses
Microbiology and Pathogenesis
Epidemiology
Clinical Manifestations
Oral-Facial Infections
Genital Infections
Whitlow
Herpes Gladiatorum
Eye Infections
Central and Peripheral Nervous System Infections
Visceral Infections
Neonatal Infections
Diagnosis
Prevention
Varicella-Zoster Virus
Microbiology and Pathogenesis
Epidemiology and Clinical Manifestations
Chickenpox
Herpes Zoster (Shingles)
Diagnosis
Prevention
Human Herpesvirus (HHV) Types 6, 7, and 8
100. Cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr Virus Infections
Cytomegalovirus
Microbiology
Epidemiology
Pathogenesis
Clinical Manifestations
Congenital CMV Infection
Perinatal CMV Infection
CMV Mononucleosis
CMV Infection in Immunocompromised Pts
Diagnosis
Epstein-Barr Virus
Epidemiology
Pathogenesis
Clinical Manifestations
Diagnosis
101. Influenza and Other Viral Respiratory Diseases
Influenza
Other Common Viral Respiratory Infections
Rhinoviruses
Microbiology
Epidemiology
Clinical Manifestations
Diagnosis
Treatment
Coronaviruses
Microbiology
Epidemiology and Clinical Manifestations
Diagnosis
Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus (HRSV)
Microbiology
Epidemiology
Clinical Manifestations
Diagnosis
Prevention
Human Metapneumovirus
Microbiology
Epidemiology
Clinical Manifestations
Diagnosis
Treatment
Parainfluenza Virus
Microbiology and Epidemiology
Clinical Manifestations
Diagnosis
Adenoviruses
Microbiology and Epidemiology
Clinical Manifestations
Diagnosis
Treatment
102. Rubeola, Rubella, Mumps, and Parvovirus Infections
Measles (Rubeola)
Definition and Microbiology
Epidemiology
Clinical Manifestations
Diagnosis
Prevention
Rubella (German Measles)
Microbiology and Epidemiology
Clinical Manifestations
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
Mumps
Definition and Microbiology
Epidemiology
Clinical Manifestations
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
Parvovirus Infection
Microbiology
Epidemiology
Pathogenesis
Clinical Manifestations
Diagnosis
103. Enteroviral Infections
Microbiology
Pathogenesis
Epidemiology
Clinical Manifestations
Poliovirus
Other Enteroviruses
Diagnosis
Prevention and Eradication
104. Insect- and Animal-Borne Viral Infections
Rabies
Microbiology
Epidemiology
Pathogenesis
Clinical Manifestations
Diagnosis
Prevention
Infections Caused by Arthropod- and Rodent-Borne Viruses
Microbiology and Pathogenesis
Clinical Manifestations
Ebola and Marburg Virus Infections
Microbiology
Epidemiology
Pathogenesis
Clinical Manifestations
Diagnosis
105. HIV Infection and AIDS
Definition
Etiology and Transmission
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology and Immunopathogenesis
Primary Infection
Establishment of Chronic and Persistent Infection
Advanced HIV Disease
Immune Abnormalities in HIV Disease
Immune Response to HIV Infection
Diagnosis of HIV Infection
Laboratory Monitoring of PTS with HIV Infection
Clinical Manifestations of HIV Infection
Acute HIV (Retroviral) Syndrome
Asymptomatic Infection
Symptomatic Disease
Prophylaxis Against Secondary Infections
HIV and the Health Care Worker
Vaccines
Prevention
106. Fungal Infections
General Considerations
Antifungal Agents
Amphotericin B (AmB)
Azoles
Echinocandins
Flucytosine
Griseofulvin and Terbinafine
Topical Agents
Candidiasis
Microbiology and Epidemiology
Clinical Manifestations
Diagnosis
Prevention
Aspergillosis
Microbiology and Epidemiology
Clinical Manifestations
Diagnosis
Outcome
Cryptococcosis
Microbiology and Epidemiology
Clinical Manifestations
Diagnosis
Mucormycosis
Microbiology and Epidemiology
Clinical Manifestations
Diagnosis
Histoplasmosis
Microbiology and Epidemiology
Clinical Manifestations
Diagnosis
Coccidioidomycosis
Microbiology and Epidemiology
Clinical Manifestations
Diagnosis
Blastomycosis
Microbiology and Epidemiology
Clinical Manifestations
Diagnosis
Malassezia Infection
Sporotrichosis
Microbiology and Epidemiology
Clinical Manifestations
Diagnosis
Paracoccidioidomycosis
Penicilliosis
Fusariosis
Scedosporiosis
Dermatophytosis
107. Pneumocystis Infections
Microbiology
Epidemiology
Pathogenesis
Clinical Manifestations
Diagnosis
Prognosis
Prevention
108. Protozoal Infections
Malaria
Babesiosis
Leishmaniasis
Trypanosomiasis
Chagas Disease
Microbiology and Pathology
Epidemiology
Clinical Manifestations
Diagnosis
Sleeping Sickness
Microbiology and Epidemiology
Clinical Manifestations
Diagnosis
Toxoplasmosis
109. Helminthic Infections and Ectoparasite Infestations
Helminths
Nematodes
Tissue Nematode Infections
Intestinal Nematode Infections
Filarial and Related Infections
Trematodes
Cestodes
Ectoparasites