Clinical diagnosis of trachoma is based on the presence of two of the following signs: lymphoid follicles on the upper tarsal conjunctiva, typical conjunctival scarring, vascular pannus, or limbal follicles.
- Intracytoplasmic chlamydial inclusions are found in 10-60% of Giemsa-stained conjunctival smears from children with severe inflammation.
- However, chlamydial nucleic acid amplification tests are more sensitive in detecting infection.
Treatment: Trachoma/AIC - AIC responds to azithromycin (a single 1-g oral dose) or doxycycline (100 mg PO bid for 7 days). Treatment of sexual partners is needed to prevent ocular reinfection and chlamydial genital disease.
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