Information ⬇
- Many viridans streptococcal species are part of the normal oral flora, residing in close association with the teeth and gingiva. Minor trauma such as flossing or toothbrushing can cause transient bacteremia.
- Viridans streptococci have a predilection to cause endocarditis. Moreover, they are often part of a mixed flora in sinus infections and brain and liver abscesses.
- Bacteremia is common in neutropenic pts, who can develop a sepsis syndrome with high fever and shock. Risk factors in these pts include chemotherapy with high-dose cytosine arabinoside, prior treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) or a fluoroquinolone, mucositis, or therapy with antacids or histamine antagonists.
- The S. milleri group (including S. intermedius, S. anginosus, and S. constellatus) differs from other viridans streptococci in both hemolytic pattern (i.e., they may be α-, β-, or 𝛄-hemolytic) and clinical syndromes. These organisms commonly cause suppurative infections, especially abscesses of brain and viscera, as well as infections of the oral cavity and respiratory tract such as peritonsillar abscess, empyema, and lung abscess.
- Neutropenic pts should receive vancomycin pending susceptibility testing; other pts may be treated with penicillin.
Outline ⬆
Section 7. Infectious Diseases
- 78. Infections Acquired in Health Care Facilities
- 79. Infections in the Immunocompromised Host
- 80. Infective Endocarditis
- 81. Intraabdominal Infections
- 82. Infectious Diarrheas
- 83. Sexually Transmitted and Reproductive Tract Infections
- 84. Infections of the Skin, Soft Tissues, Joints, and Bones
- 85. Pneumococcal Infections
- 86. Staphylococcal Infections
- 87. Streptococcal/Enterococcal Infections, Diphtheria, and Infections Caused by Other Corynebacteria and Related Species
- 88. Meningococcal and Listerial Infections
- 89. Infections Caused by Haemophilus, Bordetella, Moraxella, and HACEK Group Organisms
- 90. Diseases Caused by Gram-Negative Enteric Bacteria and Pseudomonas
- 91. Infections Caused by Miscellaneous Gram-Negative Bacilli
- 92. Anaerobic Infections
- 93. Nocardiosis, Actinomycosis, and Whipple's Disease
- 94. Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Infections
- 95. Lyme Disease and Other Nonsyphilitic Spirochetal Infections
- 96. Rickettsial Diseases
- 97. Mycoplasma Pneumoniae, Legionella Species, and Chlamydia Pneumoniae
- 98. Chlamydia Trachomatis and C. Psittaci
- 99. Herpesvirus Infections
- 100. Cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr Virus Infections
- 101. Influenza and Other Viral Respiratory Diseases
- 102. Rubeola, Rubella, Mumps, and Parvovirus Infections
- 103. Enteroviral Infections
- 104. Insect- and Animal-Borne Viral Infections
- 105. HIV Infection and AIDS
- 106. Fungal Infections
- 107. Pneumocystis Infections
- 108. Protozoal Infections
- 109. Helminthic Infections and Ectoparasite Infestations